When citing the same surname for more than one author give their initials in text; e.g.,
"Among studies, we review M. A. Light (2008) and I. Light (2006)."
If the initials are also the same give the authors full name in brackets e.g.
In the reference list | In text |
---|---|
Janet, P. [Paul]. (2007). | (Paul Janet, 2007) |
Janet, P. [Percy]. (1979). | (Percy Janet, 1979) |
Use the table to determine the correct format depending on the number of authors.
Type of citation | First citation in text | Subsequent citations in text | Bracket format, first citation in text | Bracket format, subsequent citations in text |
---|---|---|---|---|
One author | Walker (2007) |
Walker (2007) |
(Walker, 2007) |
(Walker, 2007) |
Two authors | Walker and Allen (2004) | Walker and Allen (2004) | (Walker & Allen, 2004) | (Walker & Allen, 2004) |
Three to five authors |
Bradley, Ramirez, & Soo (1999) |
Bradley et al. (1999) | (Bradley, Ramirez, & Soo, 1999) | (Bradley et al., 1999) |
Six or more authors | Wasserstein et al. (2005) | Wasserstein et al. (2005) | (Wasserstein et al., 2005) | (Wasserstein et al., 2005) |
Groups | University of Pittsburgh (2005) | University of Pittsburgh (2005) | (University of Pittsburgh, 2005) | (University of Pittsburgh, 2005) |
Groups (readily identified by abbreviation) | Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST, 2008) | DEST (2008) | (Department of Education, Science and Training [DEST], 2008) | (DEST, 2008) |
Adapted from APA publication manual 6th edition p. 177
use the rule "nothing precedes something"; therefore, Brown, Z. comes before Browning, H.
Abbreviation | Book or publication part |
---|---|
ed. | Edition |
Rev. ed. | Revised edition |
2nd ed. | Second edition |
Ed. (eds.) | Editor (Editors) |
Trans. | Translator(s) |
n.d. | No date |
p. (pp.) | Page (pages) |
Vol. | Volume (as in Vol. 4) |
Vols. | Volumes (as in Vols. 1-4) |
No. | Number |
Pt. | Part |
Tech. Rep. | Technical Report |
Suppl. | Supplement |
para. | Paragraph |
Adapted from APA publication manual 6th edition p. 180