Referencing: Online sources

Blog post

In-text reference

Direct quote (page number/s must be included)

Siegel (2010) states the "Earth also radiates the energy absorbed during the day back into space at night" (para. 11).

Paraphrasing (use of page number/s encouraged)

The temperature is rising on Earth (Siegel, 2010).

Reference list

Siegel, E. (2010, November 10). The Physics of Global Warming [Web log post]. Retrieved November 11, from http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2010/11/the_physics_of_global_warming.php

Notes

• If the author uses a screen name or nickname to post under this is used e.g. Data-Boy (2010)
• Where page numbers are not provided give the paragraph number using the abbreviation para.
• If headings are used cite the first few words of the heading and the number of the paragraph following to direct the reader e.g. (Regolith, 2010, "On the Earth" para 6).

Blog post comment

In-text reference

Direct quote (page number/s must be included)

Joe (2010) comments that the "Earth radiates absorbed energy back into space at all hours of the day, not just at night".

Paraphrasing (use of page number/s encouraged)

There is disagreement (Joe, 2010). 

Reference list

Joe (2010, November 10). Re: The Physics of Global Warming [Web log comment]. Retrieved November 11, from http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2010/11/the_physics_of_global_warming.php    

Notes

• If the author uses a screen name or nickname to post under this is used e.g. Data-Boy (2010)

Document on the web

In-text reference

Direct quote (page number/s must be included)

The criteria requires that they "have in the last two years taught undergraduate students" (Australian Council for Educational Research, 2010, p. 2).

Paraphrasing (use of page number/s encouraged)

International students are reporting higher levels than domestic students (Australian Council for Educational Research, 2010, p. 39). 

Reference list

Australian Council for Educational Research. (2010). Doing more for learning: Enhancing engagement and outcomes. Retrieved from http://ausse.acer.edu.au/images/docs/AUSSE_2009_Student_Engagement_Report.pdf

Notes

• If information is missing (e.g. author, date, title) check the table that appears on the APA Style Notes section of this guide

Social media

Notes

See the APA style blog for the latest recommendation on citing social media sources.

Wiki

In-text reference

Direct quote (page number/s must be included)

The "regolith is also an important source of construction material, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, lime, and gypsum" ("Regolith", 2010, "On the Earth" para. 6).

Paraphrasing (use of page number/s encouraged)

The regolith is very important for most life ("Regolith", 2010).

Reference list

Regolith (2010, October 6). Retrieved November 18, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regolith