Referencing

Journal articles (one author)

In-text reference

Direct quote

Lee (2007, p. 157) draws on data collected from "..."

Paraphrasing

The ongoing need for remittances...(Lee 2007, p. 160)

Reference list

Lee, H 2007, ‘Transforming transnationalism: second generation Tongans overseas’, Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 157-178.

Journal articles (two - three authors)

In-text reference

Direct quote

Carlin and Ford (2006, p. 79) claim that, "paying executives in the form of options...".

or

"A further noteworthy influence..." (Carlin & Ford 2006, p. 79).

Paraphrasing

The group of 100 joined the ASX and other associations... (Carlin & Ford 2006, p. 79).

Reference list

Carlin, TY & Ford, G 2006, ‘A governance perspective on executive options plans - some Australian empirical evidence’, Australian Accounting Review, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 75-84.

Notes

• Cite the names of the authors in the order they appear on the title page of the article.
• When the authors names are incorporated into your text, use ‘and’ instead of ‘&’.
• If the names of the authors are in brackets use ‘&’ before the last author.

Journal article (more than 3 authors)

In-text reference

Direct quote

Wattal et al. conclude that, "[p]olitics in the United States has come a long way..." (2010, p. 670).

or

"We believe information systems can provide insight into..." (Wattal et al. 2010, p. 670).

Paraphrasing

The candidates site "stickiness" is not determined by popularity (Wattal et al. 2010, p. 670).

Reference list

Wattal, S, Schuff, D, Mandviwalla, M & Williams, CB 2010, ‘Web 2.0 and politics: the 2008 U.S. presidential election and an e-politics research agenda’, MIS Quarterly, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 669-688.

Notes

In-text

• List the name of the first author followed by et al. (meaning ‘and others’)

Reference list

• List all authors. Do not use ‘et al.’ 
• Enter the authors in the order they appear on the title page of the article.

Journal article (no volume or issue number)

In-text reference

An interesting approach to scam (Wychick & Thompson 2005) suggests that...

Reference list

Wychick, J & Thompson, L 2005, ‘Fallen for a scam lately?’ Australia Today, 24 November, pp54-60.

Journal article (no author)

In-text reference

Direct quote

"During his campaign Obama..."(‘Restructuring USAID: time to match rhetoric with deeds’ 2010, p. 45)

Paraphrasing

In the article ‘Restructuring USAID: time to match rhetoric with deeds’ (2010, p. 45) the author laments...

Reference list

‘Restructuring USAID: time to match rhetoric with deeds’ 2010, The Lancet, vol. 376, no. 9747, p. 1118.

Notes

• Use the ‘title of the article’ in place of the author in-text
• Put the ‘title of the article’ in single quotes
• List the article alphabetically by its title in the reference list.

Journal articles (retrieved from the Internet)

In-text reference

Direct quote

Findings suggest that "[i]ntercultural communication skills... in ELT" (Xiao & Petraki 2007)

Paraphrasing

Xiao and Petraki (2007) establish in their study that...

Reference list

Xiao, H & Petraki E 2007, ‘An Investigation of Chinese students’ difficulties in intercultural communication and its role in ELT’, Journal of Intercultural Communication, no. 13, viewed 27 November 2010, <http://www.immi.se/jicc/index.php/jicc/article/view/90/59>

Notes

• Follow this example if the journal article is only available via the Internet.
• Enclose the URL in the ‘greater than’ ‘less than’ symbols < >.
• Put what journal details are available after the title. Volume and issue nos. may not always available.
• If there is no author use the ‘title of the article’ in place of the author in-text.

Journal article (retrieved from a database with author)

In-text reference

Direct quote

Carlin and Ford (2006, p. 79) observe that, "paying executives in the form of options...".

or

"A further noteworthy influence..." (Carlin & Ford, 2006, p. 79).

Paraphrasing

The group of 100 joined the ASX and other associations... (Carlin & Ford, 2006, p. 79).

Reference list

Carlin, TY & Ford, G 2006, ‘A governance perspective on executive options plans - some Australian empirical evidence’, Australian Accounting Review, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 75-84.

Notes

• If an article is accessed using a library database e.g. Proquest or Expanded Academic, cite it the same as the print article.

• Do not include the date viewed, database name or URL.

• See Journal article (no author)

Secondary sources

In-text reference

Fong’s 1987 study (cited in Bertram 1996, p. 9) found that memory ...

Reference list

In the Reference List record only the journal you actually sourced i.e. Bertram reference.

Notes

• Where the work of one author is cited in another author’s work