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Library services for researchers - Research impact

Article impact

Article impact demonstrates reach and engagement with a particular work. Regardless of the number of your publications, article-level metrics can help quantify how your research outputs are being discussed, shared, and used, highlighting your most impactful works.

It is important to remember:

  • Maintaining author profiles helps to keep metrics as accurate as possible
  • Sources of metrics may be skewed to certain disciplines; the data is representative of the articles indexed in that database
  • Some disciplines have higher citation and publishing rates, it is not appropriate to compare citation counts across disciplines
  • Complement article level traditional metrics with alternative metrics
  • Metric scores may differ depending on the database used, as each database has different inclusions.

Key measures of article impact include:

What is it?

The number of times that your article has been cited in other works.

Where to find it

How to use it

As a measure of the usage and impact of the cited work. Example statement:

  • I have published 25 articles since 2013, my most highly citation publication has been cited 15 times (Scopus, 2023).

Considerations

  • Citation counts should not be used to compare papers of different age, type, or subject area
  • Databases index different sources over different time periods, therefore your citation counts may vary significantly across databases
  • Citations accrue at different rates across different disciplines.
  • Author self-citation, while an essential part of scholarly communication, impacts citation counts.

What is it?

The number of times your article has been accessed, downloaded or viewed.

Where to find it

  • Journal websites
  • Scopus (views)
  • Research Online and other repositories where your article is available for download

How to use it

To demonstrate the level of engagement with an article and give a sense of how many people have read your article. Example statements:

  • My latest article, published this year, has already been viewed 51 times (Scopus, 2023)
  • I am the first author of [article], published in 2021, which has been viewed 289 times on the journal website (Taylor & Francis, 2023).

Considerations

  • There is no single source of usage data
  • Usage counts should be considered distinct across platforms, and will vary across the platforms that index your work
  • Sources will have different ways of collating and naming item level usage.

What is it?

An indicator of your article's impact normalised for subject area, year of publication (age), and document type. This metric accounts for differences in publication and citation behaviour between disciplines. SciVal has the Field Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI), which is based on publications indexed in Scopus. InCites has the Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI), which is based on publications indexed in Web of Science.

Where to find it

How to use it

It can be used to show how the citations received by your publications compare with the average for similar publications. A FWCI (SciVal) or CNCI (InCites) of 1.00 indicates that your publications have been cited as expected based on the average for similar publications. More than 1.00 indicates it’s more cited than expected, less than 1.00 indicates it’s less cited than expected. Example statements:

  • [This paper] has an FWCI of 1.42, indicating it’s 1.42 times more cited than expected. (SciVal, 2023)
  • With a CNCI of 1.27, my article is 27% more cited than expected (Incites, 2023).

Considerations

  • FWCI and CNCI may be affected by the subject classification system used by the data source. Articles are assigned subject areas by the database.

What is it?

The number of times an article has been cited in policy.

Where to find it

How to use it

To demonstrate how your research outputs have shaped industry, organisation or individual actions. Example statement:

  • The reach and influence of my research is demonstrated by its inclusion in this 2020 WHO policy.

Considerations

  • Research and researchers may influence policy and decision making in indirect ways that are not always trackable via policy citations
  • Policy citations are only available for publicly available policy documents and there may be some policy documents that are not available publicly.

What is it?

A comparative rank based on the number of citations received by your article relative to other articles published in the same year and same subject area.

Where to find it

  • SciVal - based on publications indexed in Scopus
  • InCites - based on publications indexed in Web of Science

How to use it

Citation percentiles can be used to demonstrate the reach of your output relative to your field. Example statements:

  • My paper is in the top 10% of all cited papers in this subject area (SciVal, 2023)
  • Three of my papers from the last 5 years are in the top 25% of all cited papers. This represents 50% of my output for this period

Considerations

  • Citation percentiles may be affected by the subject classification system used by the data source. Articles are assigned subject areas by the database

What is it?

Highly cited papers are those published in the last 10 years and in the top 1% of cited publications in their field. Hot papers are those published in the last two years and in the top 0.1% of cited papers in their field.

Where to find it

How to use it

As an indicator of reach (highly cited papers) or early impact (hot papers) within the discipline. Example statements:

  • My 2019 article is a highly cited paper in Education, indicating that it is currently in the top 1% of papers (Web of Science, 2023)
  • My most recent article is a hot paper, indicating that it is currently in the top 0.1% of papers within Engineering (Web of Science, 2023)

Considerations

  • These metrics are only available in Web of Science.

Journal metrics are evidence of the consistency and sustained performance of a journal over time. While it may add to your narrative to highlight being publishing in high quality journals, depending on the statement you’re making, using journal metrics indicates more about the journal, than it does about you and your work. It is important that metrics are used responsibly to ensure an appropriate assessment of research.

There’s a range of quality indicators for journals and most are calculated using the data from Web of Science or Scopus. More information can be found in our Strategic Publishing guide.

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