Note: Unless expressly permitted to do so, you must not use work or text generated by an artificial intelligence (AI) tool. If you are permitted to use an AI tool for this purpose, you must include proper acknowledgement. Until formal guidelines are in place, please use the software and app referencing and citing conventions to acknowledge such us of an AI tool.
Paraphrase
Template
(Author, Personal communication, Month Day, Year)
OR
Author (Personal communication, Month Day, Year)
Examples
S. Alexander (personal communication, August 21, 2020) suggests that this perspective has three key weaknesses.
There are gaps in the evidence of this phenomenon (O. Baston, personal communication, October 11, 2017).
Direct quote
- Page numbers are not applicable for personal communication
Template
(Author, Personal communication, Month Day, Year)
OR
Author (Personal communication, Month Day, Year)
Examples
S. Alexander (personal communication, August 21, 2020) states that “lack of consideration of intersectional differences, lack of openness to critique and limited practical application” are key issues of this perspective.
Evidence of this phenomenon relies too much on “easily manipulated photographs and ambiguous documentation” (O. Baston, personal communication, October 11, 2017).
