UOW Harvard

Paraphrase

Templates

(1^st Author’s last name & 2^nd Author’s last name Year of publication)

OR

(1^st Author’s last name, 2^nd Author’s last name & 3^rd Author’s last name Year of publication)

• Unlike the reference list, which requires author/s initials, in-text citations use author/s last names only and do not include any initials.
• Place the authors’ names in the order they appear in the book.
• Ampersands (‘&’) are used when the authors’ names in an in-text citation are within brackets. However, if the authors’ names are part of the sentence, use the word ‘and’, as shown in the examples below.

Examples

The migrant experience is one that is experienced by many (Savage, Bagnall & Longhurst 2005).

According to Savage, Bagnall and Longhurst (2005), the migrant experience is one that is experienced by many.

Direct quote

Templates

(1^st Author’s last name & 2^nd Author’s last name Year of publication, p. Page number)

OR

(1^st Author’s last name, 2^nd Author’s last name & 3^rd Author’s last name Year of publication, p. Page number)

• Unlike the reference list, which requires author/s initials, in-text citations use author/s last names only and do not include any initials.
• Ampersands (‘&’) are used when the authors’ names in an in-text citation are within brackets. However, if the authors’ names are part of the sentence, use the word ‘and’, as shown in the examples below.
• Include the specific page number/s to indicate where the words you have quoted appear in the source.
• Use double quotation marks to show the exact words of the original source.

Examples

“The experience of immigration can be difficult" (Savage, Bagnall & Longhurst 2005, p. 28).

OR

Savage, Bagnall and Longhurst (2005, p. 28) argue that “the experience of immigration can be difficult”.

Templates

2 Authors

1^st Author’s last name, 1^st Author’s initial/s & 2^nd Author’s last name, 2nd Author’s initial/s Year of publication, Book title, Publisher, Location of publication.

OR

1^st Author’s last name, 1^st Author’s initial/s & 2^nd Author’s last name, 2nd Author’s initial/s Year of publication, Book title, Edition number edn, Publisher, Location of publication.

3 Authors

1^st Author’s last name, 1^st Author’s initial/s, 2^nd Author’s last name, 2nd Author’s initial/s & 3^rd Author’s last name, 3^rd Author’s initial/s Year of publication, Book title, Edition number edn, Publisher, Location of publication.

• 1^st 2^nd and 3^rd authors refer to the order in which their names are printed on the book.
• Author’s initials include the first letter of the author’s first name, and, if provided, the first letter of their middle name (e.g., Michael Smith = Smith, M or Michael John Smith = Smith, MJ).
• Book title must be italicised
• If you see that a book is a second or later edition, Edition number should be included and written using an ordinal number followed by edn, e.g. 3rd edn, as shown in the second template above.
• If a book is not a second or later edition, you do not need to put the Edition number information in the reference, as shown in the first template above.

Examples

2 Authors

King, S & Straub, P 1984, The Talisman, Viking, New York.

Pratchett, T & Gaiman, N 1990, Good omens, Gollancz, London.

King, AS & McLalland J 1984, Birds: their structure and function, 3rd edn, Bailliere Tindall, UK.

3 Authors

Savage, M, Bagnall, G & Longhurst, B 2005, Globalization and belonging, SAGE, London.

Newton, I, Green, RE & Sutherland WJ 2004, Bird ecology and conservation, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Siegelbaum, SA, Kandel, ER & Koester JD 2021, Principles of neural science, 6th edn, McGraw-Hill Education, US.