Authors are sometimes not identified or they are given as 'Anonymous'.
- When the author is given as 'Anonymous', Anonymous takes the place of the author's name in the in-text citation and in the reference list.
Example:
(Anonymous 2020)
- When the author is not identified at all, include the title and the year of publication in the in-text citation. Bear in mind that the author may not be an individual but an organisation of some form (see further sections).
- If the title is long, shorten it for the in-text citation. If the title is italicised in the reference list, italicise it in the in-text citation.
Example:
The book titled "Empireland: How imperialism has shaped modern Britain" could be shortened to simply ‘Empireland’.
(Empireland 2021)
If the title is not italicised in the reference list, use quotation marks in the in-text citation.
Example:
("Interpersonal Skills" 2020)
