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Paraphrase

Template

                                    (Author’s last name Year of publication)

Example

Smith (1993) observes that anarchy places states in a permanent position of rivalry with each other.

Direct quote

Template

                                  (Author’s last name Year of publication, p. number)

Example

“Anarchy is an inherently unregulated lack of government” (Smith 1993, p. 37).

Template

Author’s last name, Author’s initials Year of publication, ‘Entry title’, Name of dictionary/ encyclopedia, Publisher, Publisher Location.

Example

Smith, MJ 1993, ‘Anarchy’, in The Oxford companion to the politics of the world, J Krieger (ed.), Oxford University Press, New York.

Powers, L 2011, ‘Studying’, in US encyclopedia of common academia, K Munson (ed.), Harper Collins, New York.